Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing - 888 Words

Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing Outsourcing is an allocation of specific business processes to a specialist external service provider. Most of the times an organization cannot handle all aspects of a business process internally. Additionally some processes are temporary and the organization does not intend to hire in-house professionals to perform the tasks. Once the task is outsourced to the service provider, he will take the responsibility of carrying out the tasks and maintaining the organization’s assets. However prior to outsourcing any component of your business to a third-party vendor, it is essential to understand the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing. Although outsourcing presents a variety of benefits to†¦show more content†¦Outsourcing to a foreign country typically saves a company a great deal in wages. So, the choice is made to reduce their local workforce, at the expense of the laid-off employees. In turn, it can cause community upr oar and even a decrease in business and profits. This happens when local consumers make the decision to shop elsewhere, as a way to voice their disdain. Also, security and confidentiality is the life-blood of any business, and that information keeps it running. If you have payroll, medical records or any other confidential information that will be transmitted to the outsourcing company, there is a risk that the confidentiality may be compromised. If the outsourced function involves sharing proprietary company data or knowledge (e.g. product drawings, formulas, etc.), this must be taken into account. Evaluate the outsourcing company carefully to make sure your data is protected and the contract has a penalty clause if an incident occurs. In conclusion, Outsourcing is an allocation of specific business processes to a specialist external service provider. Most of the times an organization cannot handle all aspects of a business process internally. Additionally some processes are tempo rary and the organization does not intend to hire in-house professionals to perform the tasks. Once the task is outsourced to the service provider, he will take the responsibility of carrying out the tasks andShow MoreRelatedThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing1442 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the advantages and disadvantages to outsourcing in the global marketplace? In these times of great globalization where many countries have erased their borders when it comes to trade outsourcing has become an option for many companies. Whether or not to outsource is a key question that companies must consider. According to the Pros and Cons of Outsourcing, â€Å"The decision to outsource or not is a matter of finding the right balance-the balance between managing labor costs, workflow, employeeRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing1460 Words   |  6 Pagesworkers that are educated and have the ability to take higher paying positions that are, at times, at odds with the First World countries themselves (e.g. using Indian workers at  ½ or less wage for Customer Service, Data Entry, etc.) (Reddy, 2008). Outsourcing is a term for contracting out a business process that was done internally to an independent organization away from the home office. This includes both foreign and domestic contracting, even though most of the media hype surrounds the idea of movingRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Security Outsourcing746 Words   |  3 Pages1. Explain some advantages and disadvantages of security outsourcing. In your own opinion explain your thoughts on which option is better and why. Security outsourcing is the contracting of the security function of an organization to third party firm. Simply put, employing outside organization or personnel who are not internal staff of the organization to carry out security activities of the organization. This has its merits and demerits: Advantages of Security outsourcing Cost Savings – Just asRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Offshore Outsourcing Essay1765 Words   |  8 Pages Advantages and Disadvantages of Offshore Outsourcing Kati Methvin University of North Alabama â€Æ' Advantages and Disadvantages of Offshore Outsourcing Today, offshore outsourcing is an attractive alternative to in-house or domestic production. The approach imports several advantages that appeal to companies, particularly multinationals, which explains the great traction that it has gained across the globe. Even so, delegating tasks to foreign third parties also carries a suite of new risks that businessesRead MoreThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing Essay1753 Words   |  8 PagesIn the past decade the topic of outsourcing has become a heavily debated subject on if it is ethically correct to outsourcing jobs to foreign countries. Outsourcing has become more and more an option for many companies and not just an economic fad. The decision to outsource is a difficult one for any company to make because there are many advantages and disadvantages to consider. The decision to outsource affects many people, communities, and industries so if a corporation decides to outsource theyRead MoreBus 401 Mod 3 Case1108 Words   |  5 PagesTUI University BUS 401 Case Study Module 3 Dr. Yi Ling Abstract Outsourcing occurs when a company either buys products or services from outside sources or sends work to outside contractors versus doing it themselves. There are several advantages and disadvantages to outsourcing to include cost savings, sharing risk and developing better leaders internally. There are also some disadvantages like lack of quality control, loss of some management functions and losing the ability to buildRead MoreOutsourcing Of Aviation Maintenance Practices And The Effects Of Globalization1352 Words   |  6 Pages Outsourcing of Aviation Maintenance Practices and the Effects of Globalization Matthew Wilkerson Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide May 16, 2016 â€Æ' Abstract Within the aviation industry outsourced maintenance practices have become increasingly more prevalent to maintain current assets. There is generally three processes currently being utilized by the airline industry: outsourcing specific maintenance needs, in-house operations, and lastly, a hybrid approach, which entails a combinationRead MoreAssignment 3 Management Accounting Case West Island Products Essay615 Words   |  3 PagesFirst advantage of outsourcing is that the organization is in the position to ensure that it is able to complete its activities in a swift and expert manner. Second advantage of outsourcing is that it helps organization to concentrate on core process instead of supporting processes carried out by it. Third advantage of outsourcing is that the organization will be in the position to ensure that it is engaged in activities of risk sharing over a period of time (Carroll, 2007). First disadvantage of outsourcingRead MoreOutsourcing At Schaeffer : Outsourcing17 07 Words   |  7 Pages Case Study 1 : Outsourcing at Schaeffer Gayathri Kadiyala Wilmington University TABLE OF CONTENTS Outsourcing definition †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Concept of outsourcing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Outsourcing at Schaeffer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Outsourcing: Outsourcing is a process of a company obtaining the services from an outside vendor. These services can be of different formsRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Being a First Mover975 Words   |  4 PagesAdvantages and Disadvantages of being a First Mover: The timing of entry to a particular market or industry is usually important because it helps in determining a companys returns on investment. First movers are described as the first entrants to offer or sell a new product or service category in a particular industry. Some of the major advantages of being a first mover include brand loyalty and technological leadership, exploiting the switching costs of buyers, preemption of scarce assets, and

The Work Chosen Was “Silver Linings Playbook” By David

The work chosen was â€Å"Silver Linings Playbook† by David O’Russell and Matthew Quick. The reason this why I chose this work was because a character in the movie has the same condition I have, which is Bipolar disorder. The movie portrayed a young man, Pat, coping with his challenges of this mental disorder. People with bipolar disorder, also known as borderline personality disorder go through intense emotional changes that are very different from their usual mood and behavior. These changes affect their lives on a day-to-day basis. Pat goes through many ups and downs as the movie progresses and shows how he copes with life. Testing for bipolar disorder is very difficult and cannot be determined by multiple choice test or sending blood†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ little need for sleep Pat got angry at a book and stayed up all night reading it and woke up his parents just because he needed to express his anger. †¢ increased rate of speech (talking fast) Pat talked fast often, but talked very fast the day he got out of the hospital and was excited about getting some books. †¢ flight of ideas Pat at one point of the movie talked about how his ex-wife Nikki would get back with him if only he did certain things and he came up with several ideas in rapid succession that sometimes didn’t seem to have anything to do with the subject. †¢ easily distracted When Pat visited Ronnie’s house for dinner, he was distracted by Tiffany mentioning what meds he was on, ignoring the other conversations going on. †¢ an increased interest in goals or activities Pat did not want to take his meds, so he became very enthusiastic about running and exercise to try to cope in other ways. †¢ psychomotor agitation (pacing, hand wringing, etc.) When Pat was in therapy sessions he would wring his hands repeatedly. †¢ increased pursuit of activities with a high risk of danger When Pat was told not to contact Nikki because she had a restraining order on him, he went running and showed up at the school and asked Tiffany to give Nikki a letter, risking him

SEBI Committee on Corporate Governance †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the SEBI Committee on Corporate Governance. Answer: Introduction: According to Cadbury Committee, 1992 corporate governance can be defined as the system by which companies are controlled and directed. More categorically it is the framework for balancing the interest of various stakeholders such as the management, board of directors and shareholders. Modern discussions of corporate governance explain the principles raised in three documents released since 1990: The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (The US, 2002), the Principles of Corporate Governance (OECD, 1999, 2004 and 2015) and the Cadbury Report (The UK, 1992). The last two principles present the general principles around which businesses are required to operate to enhance good governance. Abu Dhabi Ship Buildings (ADSB Company) is one of the company in UAE that has embraced corporate governance. The company recognizes the following pillars for good corporate governance; transparency, financial control, accountability, and disclosure. The corporate governance principles states the following; Corporate governance includes a set of relationships between various company stakeholders that is companys management, its shareholders, its board and other stakeholders. Secondly, corporate governance also provides the framework through which the goals of the company are set and the means of attaining those objectives and performance measurement. (Marc, 2012) While the conventional definition of corporate governance and acknowledges the existence and importance of 'other stakeholders' they still focus on the traditional debate on the relationship between disconnected owners (shareholders) and often self-serving managers. Indeed it has been said, rather ponderously, that corporate governance consists of two elements: The two basic elements of corporate governance involve; the long-term relationship which has to deal information transfer through communications between management and investors , also ensure incentives for managers as well as dealing with checks and balances. The second element is the transactional relationship which deals with disclosure and authority. Additionally, Corporate Governance involves the interaction between various participants in shaping corporations performance and ensuring a healthy relationship between the owners and the managers in an organization. This is done where the owner compares the individuals actual performance with the standard performance. (Greg, 2004). Corporate Governance gives confidence to the financiers of getting a fair return on their investment. Corporate Governance shows clearly the difference between the owners and the managers. In this case, the managers are the deciding authority. In current corporations, the functions of owners and managers should be clearly defined. (Shleifer, Andrei, Robert, Vishny, 2008). Corporate Governance helps in effective strategic decisions. It outlines the ultimate authority and complete responsibility to the Board of Directors. It also helps in todays changing market trends as well as enhancing globalization and value addition to the stakeholders. (Reinhard Tyrell, 1997). Their basic role is to provide effective and efficient governance over the affairs of the company for the benefits of all stakeholders. In all activities undertaken by the Board, the Directors exercise their sound business judgment in what they reasonably believe to be in the best interests of the company and to comply with relevant laws and regulations as well as best company practices. Directors rely on the ethical concepts of honesty and integrity of the companys senior executives and its auditors and external advisors so as to discharge their managerial obligations effectively. (Greg, 2004). The board of ADSB Company has an effective and well-informed system that fully complies with the Codes requirement of Board composition in terms of the mix of non-executive and independent directors. The Board work in collaboration with the Sub-Committees of the Board with well-defined charters. The Company is governed by the relevant document of articles of association. This document clearly specifies the roles and responsibilities of the board, its members, and the executive. This is guided by strong corporate principles and standards. The Board comprises of nine directors as provided in the articles of association of the company. These directors are both non-executive and independent. Six of the directors are appointed by the resolution of the executive council of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. This ensures good corporate governance. The other directors are appointed by the general assembly of the shareholders. However, unfortunately, there is no female director on the company board. Uphold the ethical standards of good faith, due diligence and care in the interest of all Establish a corporate strategy guide outlining the company objectives, major plans of action, risk management strategy capital plans and annual budgets. Monitor the success of the set plans. Arrange for remuneration of key executive and board members with the longer-term interests of the company and its shareholders. Board member nomination and election process to be conducted in a formal and transparent manner. As a result of an increased push in the UAE in the recent years in many listed companies, there has been a need to promote and adopt corporate governance best practices. On-binding guidelines have been provided to financial institution whereas the mandatory requirements in the UAE have been introduced to the listed companies. (SSRN, 2011). This article sets out some of the key governance and compliance requirements applying to private sector companies listed on the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX) and the Dubai Financial Market (DFM), and to financial institutions regulated by the Central Bank of the UAE (Central Bank). We also touch on public sector corporate governance initiatives. Audit Committee. The responsibilities of this committee are defined by the charter of the audit committee. This includes; Developing and applying the policy for contracting the External Auditor and make a report to the Board of Directors. Follow up and oversee the objectivity and independence and of the External Auditor and to hold discussions on the nature, scope, and efficiency of the auditing pursuant to approved audit standards. Reviewing the Companys financial control, internal control and risk management systems conducts any changes to accounting policies and practices Highlighting matters that are subject to Managements discretion Ensure strict adherence to the accounting criteria set by the Securities and Commodities Authority Coordinating with the Board of Directors Executive Management in order to accomplish its tasks and to meet with the External Auditors at least once per annum Introduction of new corporate regulation (the Corporate Governance Code) was done in in 2009 by the SCA.The regulations apply to all joint stock companies and institutions whose securities are listed on a Market. All such companies were required to comply with the Corporate Governance Code by 30 April 2010. The Corporate Governance Code does not apply to Government-owned institutions (at either the Federal or Emirate level); Central Bank regulated entities; or foreign companies. (SEBI, 2003). The Corporate Governance Code sets high standards of corporate governance and is largely based on international standards. The SCA has also issued a comprehensive template business plan to help companies comply with its requirements. In its annual report to the SCA, any listed company must identify areas where it does not comply with any of the provisions or requirements of the Corporate Governance Code (and any other relevant rules and regulations) and must set out its planned actions to rectify any non-compliance.( Oliver,2013). The Central Bank has issued binding and non-binding guidance in relation to corporate governance within regulated institutions (Zelenyuk Zheka, 2009). By circular 23/00, it issued binding recommendations for corporate governance structures in UAE banks (the Central Bank Rules) and additional non-binding guidance for bank directors was issued in its Corporate Governance Guidelines for Bank Directors (the Central Bank Guidelines). This committee complies with the requirement of the code of governance. It is composed of three Nonexecutives, independent directors, which includes the Director of Human Resources, CEO, CFO and other executives of the Company also attend the meetings as and when required, but are not entitled to vote on the decisions of the Committee. Some of the responsibilities of this committee include; Verifying the independence of Independent Board Members, Formulating and reviewing annually the policies on granting remunerations, benefits, incentives, and salaries to Board Members and employees of the Company. The Governance Committee, Emirate of Abu Dhabi, was established through Resolution No. 17 of 2010 to supervise the implementation and development of concepts and frameworks of governance in the public sector. Part of the committees mandate is to address the Abu Dhabi Government public service system and it is working with external consultants to create consistent and coherent public service practices and capabilities across the Abu Dhabi Government. This includes articulating public service core values, guiding principles, policies frameworks, and standards, to guide organizational and individual development throughout the Abu Dhabi public sector. The Securities and Commodities Authority of the United Arab Emirates (SCA) has intervened substantially post the global financial crisis in 2008 to re-establish investors confidence in the financial markets and improve corporate governance. The introduction of a myriad of laws, regulations, and directives has kept the legal aspects of corporate governance at the forefront of SCAs focus. As a result, the MSCI has upgraded the status of the UAE from a frontier market to an emerging market. Further, due largely to the promulgation of the new commercial companies law No. 2 of 2015 (CCL), SCA has been coordinating with the relevant committees of the World Bank prior to the issuance of the new corporate governance rules, which aim to complement the new CCL.( Oliver,2013). The Decree No. 7 R.M of 2016 was issued by the chairman of SCA ON 28 April 2016.This new corporate rule replaces the old governance rules issued under the Decree No. 518 of 2009. Introduction of the new rules has strengthened the normative framework for the conduct of public joint stock companies .and established strict penalties for non-compliance. In doing so, SCA is demonstrating that they accept responsibility for maintaining a fair and efficient market as it puts the local and international investors on notice that the UAE stock markets now follow a more current and transparent governance regime. In principle, the Governance Rules are more exhaustive and detailed compared to the repealed rules. The governance rules include a lot of reforms, a number of which have been developed by SCA and the World Bank. This includes the following: Gender equality is required in order to establish development. Considering that the number of female board members is lesser than males at least a certain mandatory percentage should be set aside for female representation. At least one female board member is required of the board members as per the repealed governance rules guiding public listed companies. However, the new rules require publicly listed companies to ensure female representation on their board of not less than 20% of the total number of board members. As with the repealed governance rules, an explanation is required for companies which do not satisfy this requirement will need to disclose to SCA why such requirement is not satisfied and to report the percentage of female board representation in the annual governance report.(SEBI,2003). AS Regards to this, the governance rules states that prior to the date of nomination no member should be allowed for nomination if he/she had been dismissed from his/her position as a board member in any publicly listed company for 12 months. (Reinhard Tyrell, 1997). According to rules for governance, any shareholder can call for an urgent general assembly meeting to discuss urgent matters as long as he/she owns 10% of the issued share capital of public companies. Similarly, there is an exceptional rule which allows shareholders who own 5% of the issued share capital to submit a written request to SCA to include an additional item he/she thinks was left out to the agenda of a shareholders meeting, it doesnt matter whether the invitation to the meeting has already been published or not. Good corporate governance ensures that long-term goals and plans are put in place and that the proper management and management framework is in place to achieve the said goals and plans. However as this is done, the ethical standards must also be kept into consideration to enhance good company reputation and corporate integrity. For a stronger and balanced economic development, there must be transparency in corporate governance. Additionally, this ensures that all stakeholders interests are protected as well as giving them freedom for exercising their rights. Significance of Corporate Governance Leads to corporate success and economic growth. Corporate Governance gives confidence to the financiers of getting a fair return on their investment and as result company can raise capital effectively and efficiently. Reduced capital costs... Increased share price. Waste and risk management and reduced corruption levels. Brand formation and development is properly enhanced via a strong corporate governance. In conclusion, it is clear that for a company to become more efficient and effective so as to gain and increase market share then it must incorporate proper corporate governance. Not only do corporate governance discuss on legislation and executive compensation but also seeks to raise and strengthen the board systems and standards of corporate management. As a result of an increased push in the UAE in the recent years in many listed companies, there has been a need to promote and adopt corporate governance best practices. On-binding guidelines have been provided to financial institution whereas the mandatory requirements in the UAE have been introduced to the listed companies. Attempt to bolster shareholders rights, and in particular with respect to economic rights and benefits, the new rules oblige public joint stock companies to deposit cash dividends to those As per the new rules the shareholders should be paid promptly, for example, the rule requiring the registered shareholder to be paid on the tenth day following the date of the general assembly. And also delay the payment should not be more than 30 days. The relevance of the new rules adopted in the UAE stock market includes; 1) A direct impact on international investors will be more comfortable to invest in the UAE stock market due to the more robust governance requirements; and 2) An indirect impact as it is most likely that the new rules will enhance and upgrade the UAEs ranking within the World Banks doing business reports, which will, in turn, enhance inbound investments to the UAE market. There are other interesting developments and more comprehensive provisions are included in the Governance Rules to complement the new concepts set out in the new CCL. In the future, I recommend that SCA will introduce further rules to safeguard any legal vacuum left by the CCL. References Adrian, C. (1992). Report of the Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Finance. London: Gee. Greg, S. (2004). An Introduction to Corporate Governance in Australia. Sydney: Pearson Education. Klaus, H. (2011). The German Two-Tie Board (Aufsichtsrat. New York: Gruyter. Marc, G. (2012). International Corporate Governance. New York: Prentice Hall. Oliver, W. (2013). Corporate Finance and Corporate Governance. Journal of Finance, 567-591. Reinhard, S., Tyrell, M. (1997). Financial Systems, Corporate Finance and Corporate Governance. European Finacial Managment, 333-361. SEBI. (2003). Report of the SEBI Committee on Corporate Governance. Mumbai: Securities of Indian Committee on Corporate Governace. Shleifer, Andrei, Robert, Vishny. (2008). A survey of Corporate Governance. Journal of Finance, 737-783. SSRN. (2011). The Corporate Government of Iconic Executives. Retrieved from 87 Notre Dame Law Reviews: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2040922 Zelenyuk, V., Zheka, V. (2009). Corporate Governance and Firm's Efficiency: The Case of a Transitional Country. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 143-157.

Meat Is Useless Essays - Meat, Diets, Vegetarianism, Dog Meat

Meat Is Useless Meat is Useless Eating meat is part of the daily life of billions of people all over the world. Every day thousands of animals are killed for the production of meat food for people. However, studies have shown that meat is not essential for our existence and gives us nothing more than the other foods on the market. Meat consumption may not harm you or the surrounding environment immediately but there are consequences and sooner or later they will appear. A meatless diet is healthier than a diet containing meat. According to surveys and examinations of the contents of the food products, meat contains more fat than non-meat foods. Since it is very difficult for our bodies to process high quantities of fat and it is being accumulated in our bodies, fat consuming causes many health problems. According to the American Heart Association, the fat in the food we eat should be no more than 30 percent of the total calories we consume daily. However, this is very difficult to achieve when meat is part of our daily meal plan. The only way to stay healthy and continue eating meat is to put a limit on the amount of meat we consume. Unfortunately, nowadays most people are often tempted by the taste and appearance of the meat products on the market and it is very difficult for them to resist. That is why the solution of a balanced diet can not be practically used. Moreover, it has been recently proven that many diseases are commonly prevented, consi stently improved, and often cured by a low-fat vegetarian diet. Among them are diseases such as kidney stones, prostate cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis, strokes, diabetes, peptic ulcers, obesity, hemmorhoids, salmonellosis, and many others (American Heart Association). Cholesterol can be found in every meat product. This is another particular reason proving that meat is bad. Cholesterol blocks the arteries and makes it very difficult for the blood stream to circulate. Such a process may result in a heart attack. A diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and cereal lowers the level of cholesterol, thus lowering the risk of getting a heart attack as well. Of course, meat is not the only factor that may cause a heart attack but why don't we try to decrease the chances of getting a heart disease by just getting rid of meat? Eating meat is also responsible for the mass destruction of the environment. For growing animals people waste overwhelming amounts of natural resources which may be used for other necessities. They may be utilized for growing corn or wheat for feeding people, rather than for feeding farm animals. The amount of grain a cow eats in a day could feed 15 starving people (Spence 1). If this food was used for humans and not for livestock, the world's massive hunger problems would be at least partly solved. The opposing side of this idea states that even if these fields can be used for growing food for people, most of them are under private ownership and the owners would not give their production to feed the people who are starving. However, meat is much more expensive than grains and corns are. And if more of them are produced they will become even cheaper than they are now. Other damages, result of growing animals, exist. When big quantities of water and food are used for growing livestock, the natural habitat of other animals, plants, and insects is changed and some of them become extinct. Furthermore, the cutting of woods for the extension of the mentioned fields causes the decreasing of oxygen and the increasing of carbon dioxide. Such processes accelerate the global warming and are dangerous for our future survival. Eating meat is directly connected to the process of killing animals. Ending the life of other living creatures on purpose and only to please our taste preferences is egotistic and has nothing to do with the humanity people are supposed to defend. Most of these animals are grown only for the purpose of gaining as much weigh as possible. Thus, they become fat and put more efforts to move than the animals that are not

How to Play the Taxi Cab Improv Game

How to Play the Taxi Cab Improv Game The Taxi Cab improv game can be played with three to six performers. Its a fun icebreaker game for parties or you can use it as a classroom activity for theater, drama, or improv classes. It is suitable for all ages and can be played by children or sharp-witted members of improv groups. No matter what the level, it is fun to watch and fun to perform. How To Play the Taxi Cab Game Select one performer as the taxi cab driver and two or more performers as passengers.Set up one chair for the taxi-cab driver and several chairs for the passenger seats.One performer plays the role of the cab driver. He/she starts the scene by pantomiming driving. Feel free to develop a funny, quirky cab driver character. After a few moments of driving, the performer spots a customer.The passenger hops into the back of the cab. Now, heres where the game begins. The second performer playing the role of the passenger should have a distinct personality. This should be assigned before the start of the game and known to the other performers.The gimmick is that the cab driver adopts the personality traits of his customer. When a new performer (a new passenger) enters the scene, the cab driver and the other passengers emulate the new personality/behavior. The passengers explain to the driver where they are going and what they plan to do.After the passengers have interacted with one another, the cab driver will start to drop off his/her customers. When a passenger is dropped off and exits the scene, everyone switches personality again, until  eventually, the cab driver character is alone again and back to the original personality. A director or teacher may want to use a timer to cue when the next passenger will enter or exit the cab to keep the game flowing. This can be varied. If the performers are on a roll, the director can let it continue longer. If they arent doing well with a  character, the director can cue the next passenger swap to keep the game lively. Passenger Personalities The personalities can be prepared in advance by the director or teacher or they can be taken as audience suggestions before the beginning of the game. A secretive British agent.A snobby opera singer.A hyper 4-year-old.A friendly, overly talkative old woman. For advanced improv groups, each performer may come up with their own passenger personality and not reveal it until they enter the cab. This presents more of a challenge for the others to emulate it. Another wrinkle is to take audience suggestions during the game. For the best flow, it can be good to assign audience members to call out a passenger personality rather than have several people competing with suggestions. Dramatic Skills Used in the Taxi Cab Improv Game This activity develops a performers emulation ability. How well can the actor mimic the style of another performer? How quickly can an actor change his or her character? What ranges of emotions can the actors express? Teachers and directors should encourage their cast to try as many new personalities and emotions as possible. Have fun with the game and dont forget to give the cabbie a decent tip.

How is the SAT different from a high school test

How is the SAT different from a high school test SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Obviously, the main differences between the SAT and the classroom test is that the SAT is much longer and much more important. In order to understand the more subtle differences between high school assessment and the SAT, we’re going to look at the inherent differences between theclassroom and the SAT test room. The Classroom The test maker: The person who makes your test is the person responsible for teaching and assigning all the material covered in the class. If the teacher is concerned about students listening, he or she might include questions specifically from lectures. Likewise, if the reading is especially challenging, a test might include a question from some of the harder parts that will stump many students. The bottom line, however, is that the teacher is in complete control of the coursework, the classroom, making the test and scoring it. The test length: Most class periods are an hour long, and many students’ attention spans are much shorter. Thus, the high school test tends to be an hour long or less, and this makes it much easier than the SAT. The test content: This is where the high school test differs most greatly from any standardized test. The high school teacher is in total control of both the curriculum and the test, as well as answering students’ questions about gaps between the two after grading. This centralized control allows for any mistakes to be corrected after the test is given, as well as for the material to coincide perfectly with what’s been taught. The SAT The test maker: The authors of the SAT have the huge job of trying to summarize all necessary college skills and content in a 4-hour test. More limiting, though, is the need for the test to remain as fair and consistent as possible. So while a teacher can just omit questions that weren’t covered in class, the SAT must ask about the exact same skills in every test until it announces a redesign that will give all students a fair chance at mastering the new test. The test length: The SAT is trying to test every aspect of academic college readiness, so it’s a long test. Duh. Even with breaks, sitting at a desk for that long is difficult and stressful for most students. Fortunately, practice can help with this discomfort as well as running out of time on specific sections, but the length remains an obstacle for many on the SAT. The test content: The SAT claims to test a stable set of skills and content that indicate students’ readiness for college academics. This means that the same types of questions show up year after year, testing the same material, regardless of the progress made by individual classes, schools, districts, counties, or even states. If your state’s overall grades and statewide testing scores drop one year, the SAT will be the same. This creates gaps in knowledge for many students, especially at schools in low-income districts, where limited resources make effective learning for every student especially difficult. The Biggest Difference: Format and Preparation The content challenge has also led the SAT to a quite odd question format, in an attempt to eliminate any possible technicalities that might make the test unfair. At PrepScholar, our hundreds of hours of examining the test has made clear very specific standards that the SAT always follows to be completely precise and correct every time, from using the word â€Å"mostly† and â€Å"primarily† a lot to including complex instructions at the start of every section. Thus, while your teacher can explain his or her test questions’ format (and they are unlikely to change over the tests you take in the course), in the SAT you’ve got one chance, and they have to cram all that extra info into the test itself. And if you’ve got questions about it on test day, tough luck. If you found this article useful, please consider joining our email list at right. Your information will never be shared or sold. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Laura Registrato About the Author Laura has over a decade of teaching experience at leading universities and scored a perfect score on the SAT. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Major Obstacles in the Economic Development of Iraq Essay

Major Obstacles in the Economic Development of Iraq - Essay Example Thirty years of economic destruction has left the country devastated. Iraq is very rich in the energy sector and it also benefits from having amongst the lowest production costs in the world (Grose, 2012). However, obstacles in the economic development are many and include a tenuous political system, concerns about security and societal stability, rampant corruption, outdated infrastructure, insufficient essential services, skilled labor shortages, and outdated commercial laws (Index Mundi, 2013). All of these factors have continued to stifle growth even in the non-oil private sectors. In fact, if the situation does not improve and if Iraq fails to overcome the obstacles in its path, the world economy may suffer, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA), an independent organization that was founded during the Arab oil embargo in the 1970s (Grose, 2012). The country is currently undergoing widespread uncoordinated institutional change. The pre-war socialist structure is turn ing into a market economy but the progress and planning is uneven (Gunter, 2012). However, the obstacles to the economic growth of Iraq is linked to its past and a review of the past occurrences would help evaluate the obstacles to economic development. Iraq has been suffering for decades as a result of long war with Iran (1980-88), two Gulf wars with the United States (1991 and 2003), and almost a decade of harsh international sanctions between these two wars which resulted on economic toll. Prior to this, the British forces had invaded Iraq in 1918 but a rebellion in June 1920 against the colonial power resulted in a new political project for the country when a new Iraqi cabinet was formed under the leadership of Faisal (Alnasrawi, 2000). The early nationalists continued to be under the patronage of Britain and France. The colonial power created a new class of landowners aimed at harnessing backing for the monarchy. However, the social classes had undergone major changes by the ti me the World War II came to an end. Saddam Hussein assumed offices as the President of Iraq and as the Chairman of Revolutionary Command Council in 1979. Following this, the Iran-Iraq war from 1980-88 severely devastated the economy of Iraq (Infoplease, 2013). While the country took pride in having the largest military establishment in the Gulf region, Iraq was left with huge debts and opposition from the Kurdish from the northern provinces of Iraq. Covert action from the US such as support for a Kurdish rebellion in Northern Iraq and supplies of arms to Iran during the Iraq-Iran war changed Saddam’s perception of the world and Brands (2011) argues that perhaps that led Saddam towards conspiratorial thinking. Covert initiatives from the US occurred at a time of great vulnerability for Iraq which posed a threat to its government. US aid during the 1970s helped sustain a separatist movement against the Baathist regime. In the 1980s, the US empowered Iran in trying to ouster the Saddam government in Iraq. Such covert actions led to a hostile perception of the United States as far as Saddam was concerned (Brands, 2011). The government used weapons of mass destruction on civilian targets, which only worsened the situation. Iraq was expelled from Kuwait in 1991 by a US led coalition under the UN’s resolution. Whenever the Kurds from the north and the Shi’a Muslims from the south rebelled, the government retaliated by killing thousands. The UN Security Council prevailed upon Iraq to surrender its weapons of mass destruction for UN inspections. Another US led coalition in 2003 ended the regime of Saddam Hussein, thereby bringing to an end decades of defiance of UN Security Council resolutions (Infoplease, 2013

Art style research and two artist researches Paper

Art style and two artist researches - Research Paper Example They wanted to produce two-dimensional canvass and used multiple vantage points. According to Rewald (2001), Picasso and Braque had common favourite instilling â€Å"musical instruments, bottles, pitchers, glasses, newspapers, playing cards and the human face and figure† in their art works. Cubism was not only adopted in paintings, but it was also popular in architecture and sculpture during the twentieth century (rewald, 2001). Nesic (n.d.) discussed that Cubism was once just an idea before it really became a style. The cubism is an approach to art which wanted to represent the reality of the world in concepts and not about perceptions (Nesic, n.d.). Paul Cezanne is one of the most influential painters during the nineteenth century (Galenson & Weinberg 2001). Cezanne enumerated ingredients of cubism which include geometry, simultaneity and passage and tried to introduce the concept of the Fourth Dimension (Nesic, n.d.). There are two distinct phases of cubism: analytical and synthetic. The Analytic cubists create artworks with multiple and overlapping planes while synthetic cubists produce artworks made of colored papers cut out in shapes (Rewald 2001). Analytical cubism which lasted until 1912 used geometric framework to create a subject image as an overall effect (Cubism, n.d.). Synthetic cubism on the other hand was mainly influenced by the introduction of collages, both simple and bold (Cubism, n.d.). Unlike analytical cubism, this phase is appear to be more abstract but characterized by a more direct, vibrant and attractive style (Cubism, n.d.). For this paper I will discuss the work of three contemporary cubist painters: Susanna Sharp and Luiza Vizoli. There paintings are characterized by collages of abstract geometric forms which characterized the style of cubism. There subjects are more on human face and musical instruments like the great founders Picasso and Braque. Luiza Vizoli is a fulltime contemporary professional artist

Othello and Race Essay Example for Free

Othello and Race Essay In Shakespeare’s literary creation â€Å"Othello,† the protagonist, Othello, is a high ranking black soldier in a community of white people. Though he had gained his high marks by sheer perseverance and dedication, as it is in the old times, there are the people’s doubts. He was, after all, still a black man. Shakespeare, through this tragedy had shown the stereotypes of our modern times; that being white presents superiority or a sense of control over people of a different race, specifically those of a darker color. Shakespeare, however, did not mean to degrade or discriminate but rather, he seemed to point out the common mistakes of people that ultimately caused racism. Othello’s race and basically his skin color had played a major factor in the story’s main theme, progress and twists. The story mainly revolve on the struggle of a black man and how he found his happiness, but was cut short by other people’s jealousy and deceit. In his fight for love, the fact that he was black was used against him. It was presented to the woman’s father in a sense that generalizes black people as untrustworthy. It was also the main reason Iago used to point out that his wife Desdemona betrayed him for the love of another man, a man who happens to be of pure white ancestry.

The Mafia: Wealth and Politics in the 1920 Essay -- Essays Papers

The Mafia: Wealth and Politics in the 1920 MAFIA - "a secret association having for its object the illicit control of any enterprise, legitimate or illegitimate, which it decides to infiltrate" (Allen 6). The decade of the 1920s was full of deception, corruption, and degeneration. The very embodiment of these qualities was the institution of the Italian-American Mafia. The syndicate began in Sicily and spread to encompass United States politics and the national economy. The post war era left the nation in a recession and vulnerable to organized crime. Changes in the country's attitudes and outlooks on the future paved the way for organized crime on a large scale. People were too preoccupied with bootleg booze, sexual promiscuity, and get-rich-quick schemes to notice the downward spiral of the government's respectability and integrity. The decadence of the decade and the feel good mentality of America's youth provided opportunities the industrious underworld leaders sought in order to gain control of the syndicate. The Mafia supplied America with the vices it longed for and in return America let the Mafia get away with murder. Not only did the syndicate accumulate power but a lso profited financially through prostitution, gambling, and bootlegging. These activities were the foundations of the Outfit's financial and political empires. Mafia power soon began to eclipse the authority of the law enforcement agencies, and the struggle between responsibility and autonomy began. Governmental corruption was a standard practice in the 1920s. In reference to a question on the underworld's power Don Calo, a Mafia chief replied, â€Å"†¦ between the law and the Mafia, the former is not the most to be feared† (... ...h (Allen 14). Many informants are willing to testify to a specific incident but not to the entirety. Their fear of retribution from the Outfit is much greater than their fear of the government. Even today, the only thing known with any degree of certainty is that the influence of the Mafia did not end with the 1920s. Works Cited - Allen, Edward J. Merchants of Menace-The Mafia: A Study of Organized Crime Springfield, Ill: Thomas, 1962. - Bequai, August. Organized Crime Washington: Library of Congress, 1979. - â€Å"Charles ‘Lucky’ Luciano.† http://www.well.com/user/mod79/gangsters/luciano.html (3-25-98). - â€Å"Contempt of Court.† Alphonse Capone, aka. Al, Scarface. http://www.fbi.gov/famcases/capone.htm (3-27-98). - Gardiner, John A. The Politics of Corruption New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1970.

How Advertising Help to Sell the Product Essay

Advertising of products and services is a crucial market tool for enhances the competitive advantage of an organization in the marketplace. This is because advertising creates awareness among the public of the availability of the company product in the market (Hood, 2005). Another importance of advertising is that it serves the ultimate purpose of drawing public attention to a new product in the market. In addition to these, the practice of advertising can promote customer-organization communication, an element that functions to enhance mutual relationship with consumers and improve customer loyalty to the organization (McKay, 2006). The author of this essay seeks to identify and discuss the numerous advantages brought by advertising in selling a company product. The process of advertising company products is aimed at search to attract new customers into purchasing the products. Through advertising, the public get to know of the availability of a new product in the market (Hood, 2005). The sole purpose of producing new products in an organization is not only to meet the demands of customers but also to gain a strong market share for the organization. On the other hand, failure to inform the public of new technologies and products serves the ultimate purpose of delaying the marketing frequency of the product. Just to be appreciated is the fact that customer tend to go for products they have heard or seen before. Another important aspect of advertising a product is that it helps the targeted customer have a hint of the expected qualities and advantages of the product over other similar products in the market (American Business Media, 1999). It is commonly asserted that advertising is a game of playing with the human psychology. On the contrary, available statistical evidence has it that the human community is increasingly driven by advertisement of products and services. This is because through adverts, potential customers get to gain knowledge of the kind of product, its qualities, and how it could positively influence their lives. Advertising defines the reputation of an organization and its products to the general public. Effective advertising processes are instrumental in influencing a positive attitude of potential customers towards a given product. It is a common claim by some business analysts that buffing is part and parcel of the process of gaining competitive advantage in the marketplace for a business. On the contrary, failure by an organization to provide accurate information on the qualities of the advertised products risks its long-term marketing power of the products (McKay, 2006). Therefore, engaging in ethical advertising practices serves an important role in safeguarding the reputation of the organization in the public, thus opening a continuous demand for its products. In addition, advertising of products promotes customer loyalty to a particular organization. Just like any other business operation, customer relations are significantly guided by the responsiveness of an organization in meeting their demands (Hood, 2005). Such are also influenced by the effectiveness of the organization in informing its customers of new developments. This is because information distribution to the public instills some sense of care and appreciation of the customer as an important component of the organization. Therefore, advertising as a form of distributing information to the public on current product developments will enhance customer loyalty to the products of the organization. Still, it is worth noting that advertising is instrumental in allowing for customer reaction assessment practices in an organization (McKay, 2006). Like other product marketing practices, advertising functions the purpose of encouraging a company to evaluation the responsiveness of the target customers both to the adverts design and the product itself. Effective advertising should entail either two-way asymmetric model or two-way symmetric model of public relations management. This is because these models allows for having public feedback on the information communicated in the advert. Such are vital in devising more effective and reliable advertising approaches to win the confidence of the public. The practice of advertising functions to increase customer base of an organization beyond its geography boundaries (American Business Media, 1999). In the modern day economy, competition calls for ensuring continued expansion of the customer pool of an organization. To achieve this, numerous advertising techniques such as internet and the media are quite efficient. This is because they can be used to reach a large population within a short span of time. It is worth noting that internet marketing guarantees reaching of big numbers given the fact that it is accessible in almost all parts across the globe. Product advertising is fast, cost effective, reliable, and convenient. Compared to marketing practices such as road trip product demonstration, media and internet advertising is quite cheap and fast. On reliability, multimedia advertising practices boast of the advantage of be robust in delivering the information to the public compared to other forms of marketing practices. It is a common assertion that advertising brings convenience to the organization by reducing unnecessary movements of staff, an element that saves resources for other applications. Therefore, advertising is instrumental in overseeing the efficient and convenient selling of a company product.

Cooper Industries Case Study Essay

OVERVIEW: Cooper Industries is a broadly diversified manufacturer of electrical and general industrial products, and energy related machinery and equipment. The company operates in three different business segments with 21 separate profit centers. These segments include electrical and electronic, commercial and industrial, compression, drilling and energy equipment. The product line is consisted of cheap fuses to $3 million compressor tribune sets along with products such as hand tools and light fixtures. The company bid a $21-a-share tender offer to acquire Champion Spark Plug, manufacturer of auto spark plugs, as a counter offer for the Dana Corp.’s $17.50-a-share bid. Also, in the mean time, Cooper Industries was considering a $700 million bid for Cameron Iron Works. Even though purchasing either or both companies will give operational and organizational advantages, there were high financial risks involved. Undertaking both acquisitions would result in a 55% to 60% debt to capitalization ratio. ANALYSIS: Cooper Industries acquired more than 60 manufacturing companies over a thirty year span in order to increase the size and the scope of the company. Most of the acquired companies made it possible for Cooper to be independent of the outside environment and giving full control of the manufacturing process concerning their business while avoiding anti-trust allegations. Cooper basically purchased every company that is vital to its energy industry and all the side industries that effect it. From tools to fuses to cables to the drilling equipment was manufactured and distributed by the corporation’s divisions. Each acquisition is decided from a wish list that was closely examined and studied. At the time of the take over, the Management Development & Planning division would implement the corporate strategy in a period of three to five years. This involves diversification and elimination of the products that are poor sellers. In some cases the production plant is relocated and the staff is reorganized for the best efficient set up. In time all these companies are turned into profit centers. RECOMMENDATIONS: One of my first suggestions will be to consider Cameron Iron Works first since all the valves and other natural gas and petroleum products will be more beneficiary. Apparently there is more demand for Cameron’s products than the Champions. Little adjustments in the production process along with the ‘Cooperization’ adjustment will have make the company efficient in a short period of time. In contrast, Champion is considered to have 1950’s production techniques and only one product line, spark plugs, which will require tremendous changes within the company. The other option may be to purchase both of the companies, regardless of the financial risks involved. By allocating all the departments such as Management Development & Planning in the process, Cooper may turn things around. Since the beginning, Cooper’s way of acquiring companies seem to create success stories in the end. Champion still has brand name recognition in Europe and Asia (personal knowledge) which maybe taken advantage of. Major changes for the American market may take place while the revenues from the overseas sales finance the process. And once the changes are made in here, according to the demand the product line maybe readjusted for those markets. One other option for the Champion acquisition maybe to consider other possible options in the automotive parts industry. There may be other companies requiring less adjustment, and maybe turned into profit centers in less time than Champion. If buying both the companies is not possible at the time, then Cameron seems like a better option giving independence to Cooper in the valve dependence. Utilization of this company seems more of a priority at the time. However Dana may end up buying Champion if Cooper delay the acquisition.

Emotional Memory Essay Example

Emotional Memory Essay Example Emotional Memory Essay Emotional Memory Essay Emotional memory pertains to an individual’s remembrance of incidents that have occurred in the yesteryear. The mechanism behind such strong keeping is chiefly based on the emotions that are associated with that peculiar event. ensuing in a increased degree of attending that facilitates encoding of the event in the memory of an single. Emotional memory is besides involved in contemplations of the happening. regardless of the length of clip that has already passed off since the existent event. This sort of memory can be distinguished from other neurobiological constructs of memory because its keeping is really strong due to the influence of emotions. which technically magnifies inside informations of the incident. Research has shown that emotional memory is imprinted in the cortical part of the encephalon. This description is supported by observations that several nervous activities occur in the cerebral mantle. therefore easing memory keeping. Several surveies have indicated that emotional memory involves two major procedures. viz. encoding and post-encoding. The first procedure of encoding involves the heightened degree of attending of an person during the existent event. while post-encoding pertains to the consolidation of the inside informations of the event after the existent incident. coupled with sweetening that is triggered by the emotions that were set off at that clip. One premier illustration of an emotional memory is the graphic callback of an accident that is associated with physical hurt and blood. Regardless of the length of clip that the incident has occurred. the person who was involved in the accident is still capable of retrieving the accident even after several old ages. One complication of emotional memory is that an single finds it hard to disassociate his emotions with respects to a peculiar incident. It is therefore highly difficult for an person to travel back to the site of an accident if this individual about died at that clip. It has been suggested that development besides plays a function in emotional memory. wherein the encephalon of human existences has acquired the capacity to retain inside informations of an event in order to last that peculiar incident. It may therefore be possible that through fright. early Primatess and other higher mammals may hold learned to remain off from marauders and other harmful environmental constituents in order to last in the natural state. These species may hold adapted such manners of memory by being subjected to extreme uncomfortableness or hurting that is related to incidents such as toxin exposure or predation and therefore their perceptual experience for harmful conditions may hold been imprinted in their encephalons and perchance passed on to their progeny. The exact mechanism behind the retrieval of memories associated with a peculiar incident based on emotional scenes still remains elusive up to this day of the month. The alone characteristic of storage for a drawn-out period of clip farther complicates the tract and several analysts have attempted to turn to this inquiry. Neurobiologists have suggested that emotional memory may be act as a complete procedure unless an person is able to recover the information associated with a specific incident in the yesteryear. Storage of information. or encoding. is merely one constituent of the full emotional memory tract yet the retrieval of specific information is indispensable in finding that the full procedure has been completed. It has besides been suggested that emotional memory is easier to entree over the impersonal events. and this is besides partially due to the function of amygdaloid nucleus. which influences how the hippocampus maps at such events. In add-on to the emotional influence. slumber besides sways the encephalon to retrieve specific incidents. wherein the sum of slumber can ensue in a positive or negative status for memory. Harmonizing to Sterpenic et Al. ( 2007 ) . memory is influenced by slumber through the infliction of nervous correlatives. Through the application of functional magnetic resonance imagination ( functional magnetic resonance imaging ) . a comparing of nervous connexions was examined among topics who were able to kip for a sufficient sum of clip and those who were deprived of slumber. The probe was designed towards a phase wherein the topics were allowed to undergo post-encoding. which is one of the two phases of emotional memory. The probe showed that topics who received adequate hours of slumber had the ability to retrieve the positive events that occurred. On the other manus. an interesting observation came from those topics who were subjected to a peculiar negative event. They observed that regardless of sufficiency or deficiency of slumber. the topic participant was able to retain the inside informations of the negative event. most likely through the characteristic emotion that was generated from the negative stimulation. Another observation gathered by neurobiologists sing emotional memory was that several parts of the encephalon were responsible in retaining such inside informations and emotions. The two major encephalons countries involved in emotional memory were the hippocampus and the cerebral mantle. Specific parts of the cerebral mantle that were responsible for emotional memory included the prefrontal cerebral mantle. which is besides involved in criminalism. It seems that negative emotions. such as that involved in emotional memory. are mostly stored in this part of the encephalon. Furthermore. functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning showed a functional connexion between these two parts of the encephalon and the combinative consequence of these parts was magnified when the incident is featured with negative stimulations or emotions. It is interesting to cognize that slumber may besides hold a selective consequence on the memory of an person. The amygdaloid nucleus was observed to merely excite the hippocampus for encoding when a negative event has occurred and this happens with or without sleep. On the other manus. a happy incident will merely be stored in the hippocampus if an single receives plenty sleep. Such selective storage of inside informations may be mostly influenced by emotions during that peculiar event. and non merely by the sum of clip that an person was able to kip. Such sorts of research probes are therefore of import in the supplying a better apprehension of how emotions influence an individual’s memory and finally. one’s mental status. It has besides been shown that emotions play a major function in the storage of inside informations in the encephalon. In an probe that involved use of the context of emotion of capable participants. the activity of the nervous webs in the encephalon was examined. A specific memory tested besides allowed the comparing of retrieval capacities of the encephalon and the research conducted by Smith et Al. ( 2005 ) showed that the presence of emotions increased the likeliness that an person will retain the inside informations of the incident. The emotional memory tested in this survey showed that the existent country of encephalon involved in this mechanism is the left side of the amygdaloid nucleus. every bit good as the left side of the frontotemporal part of the cerebral mantle. The survey besides showed that the right side of the amydala and the frontotemporal cerebral mantle was non capable plenty of hive awaying inside informations of a specific incident. regardless of its yoke to emotions. It is therefore possible that when an person has damaged the left side of his encephalon. so it is impossible for him to remember any other inside informations of his yesteryear. It should besides be understood that knowledge is chiefly based on memory every bit good as emotion. yet for several yesterday there were non attempts performed into looking into the finer inside informations of the tract. In add-on. there were besides merely a few reported sing the interaction of the amygdaloid nucleus and the cerebral mantle and on how these two parts responded to each other’s messages. The coming of high definition imaging engineerings such as the magnetic resonance imagination allowed the visual image of internal parts of the encephalon that were perceived to be unapproachable by an other analytical agencies. Mentions Smith. A. P. . Henson. R. N. . Rugg. M. D. and Dolan. R. J. ( 2005 ) . Transition of retrieval processing reflects truth of emotional beginning memory. Learning and Memory. 12. 472–479. Sterpenich. V. . Albouy. G. . Boly. M. . Vandewalle. G. . Darsaud. A. . Balteau. E. . Dang-Vu. T. T. . Desseilles. M. . D’Argembeau. A. . Gais. S. . Rauchs. G. . Schabus. M. . Degueldre. C. . Luxen. A. . Collette. F. . Maquet. P. ( 2007 ) . Sleep-related hippocampo-cortical interplay during emotional memory remembrance. PloS Bi

How to Develop a Research Paper Timeline

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Graphene: Development and Applications Number of carbon atoms packed in a two-dimensional (2D) grid cells as flat single layer give the graphene. This is a key building block for graphitic materials of all sizes. It can be enclosed in fullerenes (0D), rolled into 1D nanotubes or stacked into three dimensional graphite. A serious step forward in the study of graphene was when Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov from Manchester extracted Singlet thick crystallites (graphene) from crude graphite in 2004. The unique electronic properties of graphene produce an unexpectedly high opacity for one atomic monolayer, with amazingly simple value : it absorbs ~ 2.3 % of white light . This is a consequence of the unusually low energy electronic structure of monolayer graphene saws which electrons and holes tapered zone which meet each other at the point Dirac which is qualitatively different from the more common solid square zones. 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From the University of California , and Alexander Balandin (Chair of Materials Science and Engineering), investigated the possibility of using graphene sheets as heat conductors . The researchers call these cards quilts ( like a quilt ) and that is because the graphene sheets are not homogeneous but consist of flakes graphene , which overlap creating a spreadsheet. Only unlike the quilt ( we all know ) the quilt of graphene flakes will not retain heat, but will remove it . The graphene sheets can be used to extract heat from parts of a circuit which, due to the high speed flow of electrons ( current) particularly heated , which leads to impaired function of the circuit. Helping the diffusion of that heat , graphene will help create sdti much faster chip . Graphene based on measurements made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹by the researchers shows remarkably high thermal conductivity that surpasses even that of diamond and carbon nanotubes. The properties of graphene , (electrical conductivity , low resistance , high thermal conductivity ) find no scope only chip electronic circuits. As we mentioned previously this technology could even be used to improve the photovoltaic , since one of the main problems (in terms of performance ) is the high resistance of the conductor carrying the current. Graphene thanks to its properties , could significantly increase their performance Chapter 1: Carbon Nanostructures 1.1 A new class of materials The two-dimensional (2D) crystalline materials have only recently been identified and investigated. [1] The first material that falls into this category, is graphene, a singlet carbon layer. This new material has unique properties that make it extremely interesting both as basic knowledge, as well as for future applications. The electronic properties of graphene, for example, have resulted in an unusual quantum Hall [2], [3]. It is a transparent conductor [4] with a thickness equal to the extent of zp orbital of an atom of carbon (0,344 nm). It also has parallels with the physics of elementary particles which for example displays an unusual tunneling [5], [6], which was predicted by the Swedish Natural Oscar Klein [7]. Additionally, graphene exhibits excellent mechanical and electrical properties. Its mechanical strength is greater than steel while it can be bent. The thermal and electrical conductivity is very high and can be used as a flexible conduit. The Andre K. Geim and Kostant in S. Novoselov from the University of Manchester, were awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize for the production, isolation and identification of graphene [1]. 1.2 Forms of carbon Carbon is perhaps the most exciting element of the periodic table. It is the basis of DNA and life on earth. O coal occurs in different forms. The most common form of carbon, graphite, which consists of stacked sheet carbonates hexagonal structure. At high pressures, the diamond is created, which is a metastable form of carbon. A relatively new form of molecular carbon, are the Fullerenes (Fullerenes) [8]. The most ordinary fullerene consists of 60 carbon atoms (60 C) and has the shape of a football. It is consisting of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons which enable the surface to form a ball. The discovery of fullerenes was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996. The existence of a pseudo-one-dimensional form of carbon, carbon nanotubes, has been known for many decades and the existence of single-wall carbon nanotubes in 1993 [9]. The nanotubes are formed by winding of a graphene sheet so as to acquire a cylindrical shape with hemispherical ends with a configuration similar to that of the fullerene. The electronic and mechanical properties of metallic nanotubes, show many similarities with those of graphene. It was already known that the toner is composed of hexagonal carbon levels which are stacked on top of one another but scientists believed that such a singlet carbonate sheet could not be produced. In 2004, however, scientists A. Geim, K. Novoselov and colleagues [1] showed that such an individual could be isolated and was stable. The singlet this level carbon called graphene. Figure 1.1. The graphene sheets form the native structure of the graphite, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes [11]. It should be noted that structures similar to graphene has been known since the 1960s [10] but there were experimental difficulties in isolating them and raises doubts about whether this would be possible. The amazing thing is that a simple pencil contains graphite and as it moves the paper, toner levels separated in a very small part of which contains some of singlet layers of graphite, ie graphene. The difficulty is not the production of graphene structures but rather to isolate large quantities of singlet levels for the identification, characterization and study its properties. This just managed to make the Geim and Novoselov. 1.3 Graphene Graphene is called a singlet level of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, with nearest neighbor distance of atoms 0.142 nm. It is the first truly two-dimensional crystalline material and is representative of a whole class of two-dimensional materials which includes for example Psychosocial Critical Evaluation: Case Study of Rory Psychosocial Critical Evaluation: Case Study of Rory Psychosocial Critical Evaluation: Case Study of Rory Introduction Psychosocial theory originates from psychoanalytic and psychodynamic casework, which has had a profound and lasting impact on social work (Kenny and Kenny, 2000). This assignment will use the case study of Rory, a fifteen year old boy living in a family home with his brother, mother and stepmother. Throughout the assignment Rory’s social environment and his relationships within this environment will be analysed in order to understand how these factors have shaped his development. Following on from this an evaluation of group work as an intervention method to support and empower Rory shall be explored. Group work will be taken as evidence for practice, where social work practice is carried out in groups (Doel, 2000, p.148). Psychosocial theories will be explored into how they influence group work and group dynamics, and the way group work can be used to change and adjust dysfunctional social environments. In doing so, the model of psychosocial theory and its relevance to social work will be explored, and how useful it is in understanding clients and promoting their best interests. In order to critique the model of psychosocial theory, and explore how it influences our perception of the human condition, we must have a clear idea of what we mean by the term. Modern social work theorists have stressed the importance of applying the correct competency to the individual person, with regard to their social environment (Hutchinson, 2008). It sees people as ‘products of the interaction among their biogenetic endowment, the effects of significant relationships, the impact of life experiences, and their participation in societal, cultural and current events’ (Turner, 1978, p.2). The social work profession, can see the individual person as interdependent with their environment, which they are able to influence and change (Kondrat, 2002). By seeing individuals as being uniquely shaped by their environment, it helps social workers avoid the issues of social identity theory. Rather than categorising or stereotyping people, social workers are able to empathise a nd see all service users as individuals (Tajfel and Turner, 1979, cited in Gaine, 2010). The main ideas of psychosocial theory are reflected in other social work theories and methods, such as systems and attachment theory. Both theories developed from the need to build upon the traditional psychoanalytic model of individual therapy (Walker, 2012), and the idea that individual experiences with families were continually being shaped and influenced by the evolving interaction patterns of communication. For group work to be beneficial there must be a mindfulness of the social context or sociology of the individual and group. Understanding individuals who compromise the group requires knowledge of ‘psychosocial functioning and development through the life cycle’ but also the impact of the group’s structure and process on the members’ behaviour. A group cannot be understood without knowledge of members in their individual social context (Northern and Kurland, 2001, p.35). This promotes and encourages diversity within the group, as practitioners are mindful of differences within the group, and how they can be addressed to promote social skills such as empathy and respect. If a client’s environment and social context has been dysfunctional, as in Rory’s case, the group work can provide a model of a healthy culture through the group values, communication patterns, and the way it addresses interpersonal conflict (Northern and Kurland, 2001). Having explored the connection between group work and psychosocial theory, two theories of social work shall be applied and explored next. Attachment theory focuses on the quality of the attachments in the significant relationships in a client’s past (Bowlby, 1979, 1988). Bowlby’s theory of attachment stresses the importance of past relationships by determining which will develop emotionally and socially, and form relationships in the future. Bowlby was particularly concerned with the interactions and attachments that individuals had with their parents or carers. The ability of a child to attach to a parent or carer, the level of consistency of the parent or carer to meet the emotional needs of a child and the ability of the child to feel safe and secure, predicted how the child would develop emotionally. This theory has particular relevance and importance for this case study. The relationship between Rory and his mother can be recognised as a disorganised attachment. H is mother’s bi-polar disorder means her behaviour is inconsistent at times, due to her having stable periods but when her mood is very bleak she neglects the needs of Rory and his brother. From this behaviour Rory receives mixed messages, leaving him feeling anxious and unable to explain and possibly understand his own feelings (Bowlby, 1988). His father appears to display as insecure or ambivalent attachment, this is due to him demonstrating an inconsistency in his attitude to Rory, neglecting contact for several weeks at a time. His unpredictable behaviour and failure to display attention in a consistent way leads to anxiety and distress for Rory. Attachment theory is helpful to social workers in planning intervention, as they have insight into how past experiences of the service user can impact on their behaviour, and their ability to form relationships. For example, at the Youth Club Rory is seen as increasingly withdrawn and erratic by the youth workers. This may be due to his disorganised attachments impacting upon his ability to behave in social situations. Preston-Shoot and Agass (1990) explains that the development and quality of relationships can be influenced by considering the impact of the client’s feelings on behaviours. Group work can be a powerful tool when based on attachment theory issues. Egeland and Erikson (1993) and Eriskon et al., (1992) described a group in which young, high-risk mothers were brought together for weekly group sessions from the time their children were born until they were one year old. Group work was effective here for two reasons. Firstly, through the therapeutic relationship itself, or the relationship with the group facilitator, in which ‘the facilitator maintains a healthy, supportive alliance with the parent, proving such relationships are possible’ (Erikson et al., 1992, p.501). When using any intervention, it is important to create a working alliance, in which the patient has confidence that the practitioner can help (Holmes, 2001). Due to Rory having all his immediate adult relationships in his life being inconsistent and causing him anxiety, having another which proves to be consistent in his life, one that is dependable, may improve his self-esteem an d address problems he is exhibiting in social situations, such as at the Youth Club. The reason he may be attending the Youth Club could be due to him searching for that consistency and dependable person he needs, as the Youth Club is a weekly activity which is always there. The ‘therapeutic’ relationship gives Rory a ‘secure base’ (Holmes, 2001, p.17) where the task can challenge assumptions and relationship patterns. Group work would also introduce Rory to a plethora of perspectives and individuals. Through this, Rory may become conscious of thoughts and attitudes that were previously unconscious (Holmes, 2001). In listening to and working with others Rory may build up his self-esteem. As he begins to form relationships with members of the group, he has models of healthy and functional relationships that are different from his own attachments with family members. This could increase his confidence, addressing problems of withdrawn and erratic behaviour that have been raised by Youth Workers at Youth Club. A number of studies have shown group work can improve social skills (Reid and Hammond, 2001; Fargan and Jones, 2002). Group work also promotes diversity as those it helps do not feel isolated or alienated by their problems: through sharing experiences in a respectful and tolerant environment they gain insight into the sufferings and challenges of others, and methods to overcome this. Groupwork a s a form of learning extends beyond this, as groups offer members feedback that is often more effective coming from peers than from a social worker (Northern and Kurland, 2001). When done sensitively and constructively, such feedback helps clients such as Rory with their social skills and their ability to build relationships outside of the group. A weakness of this theory, however, may that does it is not sufficiently encompassing of all the social forces that act on the individual. Psychosocial theory holds that we should acknowledge the role in human development of temperament, racism, poverty, social class, and other environmental conditions (criticism outlined in Coady and Lehman, 2007). Group dynamics and interactions cannot be understood through individual’s relationships with their parents alone. Psychosocial theory assists social workers in understanding and analysing the situations and behaviours of their client. This provides practitioners with insight into what has occurred in the past or what may occur in the future. However, some argue that attachment theory does not paint a picture of the client whole: by attributing all of Rory’s behaviours and concerns to his parents, the practitioner may neglect the wider social context that is acting on him. Systems theory may offer a more encompassing picture of Rory’s social context. This theory holds that individuals and their environments are separate systems that are interconnected and interdependent (Teater, 2010). By thinking of families as living systems, systems theories are able to think about how dynamics are constantly altering as each family member deals with life inside and outside the family. Rory’s withdrawn behaviour, and self-destructive thoughts can be attributed to the frequency with which his family dynamics change. This change is at times dramatic for example the breakdown of his parent’s relationship, or his sister leaving the family home- but also in the inconsistencies due to his stepfather’s temper and mother’s mental illness. Systems theory also promotes tolerance and diversity, as it recognises that there is no one model for a healthy, functioning family (Walker, 2012). A change or movement in one of these systems results in change or movement in the others. In Rory’s case, social systems theory is useful as it allows social workers to identify which system requires an intervention (Teater, 2010). The key question is ‘does this structure work for this family’ and does it allow for the healthy development and growth of family members? As such, the Munro Report confirms that a systems perspective offers the most holistic tool for undertaking informed assessment work that takes into full account the wide environmental factors combined with the inter-personal relationship patterns that influence family experiences (cited in Walker, 2012). Furthermore, a family’s structure and organisation allows social workers to determine, to some extent what is possible within a particular family. Thinking of families systematically also ensures no family member is marginalised (Walker, 2012). One-to-one intervention with Rory will have an i mpact on the whole family system; his mother, brother and stepfather will be affected, and also the family dynamic as a whole. As such, group work is an effective method of intervention according to social systems theory. This is because it avoids the risk that the family’s problems and their solutions are individualised. By placing Rory in a different group dynamic, one that has been constructed by a facilitator or practitioner, social workers may be able to assess which elements of the family’s structure need intervention, and where Rory and the family need extra support. By assessing Rory’s patterns of communication and interaction outside his family dynamic, practitioners may gain greater insight into his specific needs and methods that can be used to support and empower him. Groupwork for families links closely to the family therapy movement (pioneered by figures such as Murray Bowen, Jay Haley, and Virginia Satir). The family therapy movement advocates systemic features as a means by which to assess the way groups of relatives organise themselves over time, creating stable patterns, that are inclined to return to familiar states. As such, one of the beliefs is that systems tend to be self-correcting, based on positive or negative feedback (Coady and Lehmen, 2007). By using groupwork intervention with Rory, he may feel empowered and supported to address and correct the patterns and familiar states of his family, rather than simply removing himself from situations. Furthermore, the counsellor or practitioner can address the dysfunctional and destructive subsystems that exist within Rory’s family. A concern surrounding this theory of social work, however, is the emphasis social systems theory places on adaptation. The purpose of the group work intervention is to explore how systems can be adjusted and change to create a healthy and supportive structure. As such, some fear that practitioners are encouraging clients to accommodate to oppressive circumstances (Coady and Lehmen, 2007). From this perspective, Rory may be being taught to accept and adapt to the hostile and threatening behaviour of his stepfather, or the neglect he sometimes faces from his mother. This can be addressed by being mindful of social work’s traditional concern with social justice- an integration of values such as social justice and social systems based thinking is possible. To do this, practitioners must be self-reflective and question their own values and assumptions, particularly in terms of prejudice and diversity, in order to ensure that the client’s best interests are at the heart of gr oup work intervention. An awareness of social circumstance is also important in tackling diversity with regard to mental health. Parental mental health, and the disruption to parenting capacity has been found to have profound and persistent implications for children and their parents (Smith, 2004). As such, it has been advocated that social workers have improved access to training that assists with psychosocial interventions, such as group work (National Institute for Mental Health in England, 2005). This helps us to understand the quality of attachment between Rory and his mother. Rory himself is displaying behaviours that may point to mental health, particularly disclosing suicidal thoughts. Research shows that social work plays a significant role of social work in promoting the involvement of people using services and developing systemic approaches to practice with families (Gilbert, 2007). Diversity is important here- social workers must address societal stigmas regarding mental health. Effective inter vention can also promote diversity by helping those with mental health to function and become involved in society. A psychosocial approach helps us to understand Rory’s patterns of communication and behaviour, as it gives us insight into the formative relationships, experiences and environments that have categorised his life thus far. This puts troubling behaviours, such as self-destructive and suicidal thoughts, within a social context that can be used as the basis for assessment and intervention. Our chosen intervention method, group work, is also revealing about how Rory can be supported and empowered. By modelling healthy and secure relationships, and developing Rory’s social skills, Rory’s future relationships do not have to be influenced solely by dysfunctional attachments with his parents and stepfather. By understanding his family as a system, and observing Rory but within that system and in other groups, insight is gained into how Rory’s social context can be adapted in order to promote the healthy growth of all its members.